/*
Seven segment display Tutorials
 * Project name: Tutorial 1 
Basic method for display basic numbers 0,1,2...9
 On : common anode Seven segment display 
   * Description:
     This code demonstrates how to display number(0-9) on one 7-segment display
     (common anode). 
Display is connected to PORTD (RD0..RD7, segment A to RD0, segment B to RD1, etc); 
common anode is connected to the pin RA0 on PORTA. 
Number is incremented every 1s.
 * Test configuration:
     MCU:  PIC16F877A 
     Oscillator: XT, 04.0000 MHz
    SW:mikroC PRO for PIC
    ENG.F.ABDELAZIZ
http://www.eeecb.com/vb/index.php        

*/
//1- Define seven segment connections
 sbit seg_a at RD0_bit;
 sbit seg_b at RD1_bit;
 sbit seg_c at RD2_bit;
 sbit seg_d at RD3_bit;
 sbit seg_e at RD4_bit;
 sbit seg_f at RD5_bit;
 sbit seg_g at RD6_bit;
//2- Declaratins 
 unsigned short count=0;                  // Variable (0-255) for switch-case statement

void main() {
//3- Initialization  
ADCON1=0X07;                               //set A PORT general I/O
TRISD = 0b00000000;                      // PORTD All Outputs
PORTD=0xFF;                                 //All segment off ( high on cathode)
TRISA=0;                              //PORTD All Outputs
PORTA.B0=0;                       //High pin >>>PNP transistirs off & 0>>on

// Endless loop
do {

switch (count) {// At first count =0 s0>>>case 0 :
   case 0 : seg_a=0; seg_b=0; seg_c=0;
            seg_d=0; seg_e=0; seg_f=0; seg_g=1;           //Display "0" 0>>on & 1>>off 
            break;                                     //exit after execution to  count ++

   case 1 : seg_a=1; seg_b=0; seg_c=0; seg_d=1;
            seg_e=1; seg_f=1; seg_g=1;               //Display "1"
            break;
   case 2 : seg_a=0; seg_b=0; seg_c=1; seg_d=0;
            seg_e=0; seg_f=1; seg_g=0;               //Display "2"
            break;
   case 3 : seg_a=0; seg_b=0; seg_c=0; seg_d=0;
            seg_e=1; seg_f=1; seg_g=0;               //Display "3"
            break;
   case 4 : seg_a=1; seg_b=0; seg_c=0; seg_d=1;
            seg_e=1; seg_f=0; seg_g=0;               //Display "4"
            break;
   case 5 : seg_a=0; seg_b=1; seg_c=0; seg_d=0;
            seg_e=1; seg_f=0; seg_g=0;               //Display "5"
            break;
   case 6 : seg_a=01; seg_b=1; seg_c=0; seg_d=0;
            seg_e=0; seg_f=0; seg_g=0;               //Display "6"
            break;
   case 7 : seg_a=0; seg_b=0; seg_c=0; seg_d=1;
            seg_e=1; seg_f=1; seg_g=1;               //Display "7"
            break;
   case 8 : seg_a=0; seg_b=0; seg_c=0; seg_d=0;
            seg_e=0; seg_f=0; seg_g=0;               //Display "8"
            break;
   case 9 : seg_a=0; seg_b=0; seg_c=0; seg_d=1;
            seg_e=1; seg_f=0; seg_g=0;               //Display "9"
            break;
     } //case end

  count ++;                                          // increased by one : 0>>>1
if(count ==10) count =0;                               // Test : if end (9) then at count=10 >>> begin again (0)
  Delay_ms(1000);                                          // Wait for 1 sec before updating the display
 } while(1);                                          // Infinite Loop
}

/* 
Seven segment display Tutorials
Tutorial 2
Modified method for display basic numbers 0,1,2...9
Seven segment display : common anode
 * Description:
     This code demonstrates how to display number(0-9) on one 7-segment display
     (common ANODE). Display is connected to PORTD (RD0..RD7, segment A to
     RD0, segment B to RD1, etc); common ANODE connected to the pin RA0 on
     PORTA. 
     Number is incremented every 1s.
 * Test configuration:
     MCU:  PIC16F877A 
     Oscillator:      XT, 04.0000 MHz
     Ext. Modules:    -
     SW:mikroC PRO for PIC

ENG.F.ABDELAZIZ
http://www.eeecb.com/vb/index.php
*/
// Returns mask for common cathode 7-seg. display
unsigned short mask(unsigned short num) {
  switch (num) {
    case 0 : return 0xC0;
    case 1 : return 0xF9;
    case 2 : return 0xA4;
    case 3 : return 0xB0;
    case 4 : return 0x99;
    case 5 : return 0x92;
    case 6 : return 0x82;
    case 7 : return 0xF8;
    case 8 : return 0x80;
    case 9 : return 0x90;
  } //case end
}//~

unsigned short i;

void main() {
ADCON1=0X07;                               //set A PORT general I/O
  PORTA  = 0xFF;
  TRISA  = 0;
  PORTD  = 0xFF;
  TRISD  = 0;

  do {
    for (i = 0; i <= 9u; i++) {
     PORTD = mask(i);           // bring appropriate value to PORTD
      PORTA = 0;                 // turn on appropriate 7seg. display
      Delay_ms(1000);
    }
  } while (1);                   //endless loop
}

/*
 * Project name:
Tutorial 3
    Decimal UP Counter with two 7-Segment Display Multiplexing

 * Description:
     This code is an example of multiplexed Seven Segment Displays.
     MCU:  PIC16F877A, 4.0 MHz  clock
     The common anodes of two seven segment dispalys are
     connected to RA0, RA1 whereas the seven
     segments are driven through PORTD pins
MikroC PRO
ENG.F.ABDELAZIZ
http://www.eeecb.com/vb/index.php
*/

unsigned short i, DD0, DD1; 
unsigned int Count;

//-Function to Return mask for common anode 7-seg. display
unsigned short mask(unsigned short num) {
 switch (num) {
 case 0 : return 0xC0;
 case 1 : return 0xF9;
 case 2 : return 0xA4;
 case 3 : return 0xB0;
 case 4 : return 0x99;
 case 5 : return 0x92;
 case 6 : return 0x82;
 case 7 : return 0xF8;
 case 8 : return 0x80;
 case 9 : return 0x90;
 } //case end
}
void main() {
  ADCON1=0X07;        //set A PORT general I/O
  TRISD = 0; // Set PORTB direction to be output
  PORTD = 0xFF;    // Turn OFF LEDs on PORTD
  TRISA = 0; 
  Count   =    0;  // Initial Value of Counter

  do {
  DD0 = Count%10;  // Extract Ones Digit
  DD0 = mask(DD0);

  DD1 = (Count/10)%10; // Extract Tens Digit
  DD1 = mask(DD1);

  for (i = 0; i<=100; i++) {

      PORTD = DD0; // Data for ones Digit
      RA0_bit = 1;      
      RA1_bit = 0;// Select Ones Digit
            delay_ms(5);

      PORTD = DD1;//Data for Tens Digit
      RA0_bit = 0;// Select Tens Digit
      RA1_bit = 1;     
      delay_ms(5);

      }

      Count = Count + 1 ;

      if (Count > 99) Count = 0;

  } while(1);          // endless loop
}

/*
 * Project name:
Tutorial4
    Decimal UP Counter with Four 7-Segment Display Multiplexing
  * Description:
     This code is an example of multiplexed Seven Segment Displays.
     MCU:  PIC16F877A, 4.0 MHz  clock
     The common anodes of four seven segment dispalys are
     connected to RA0, RA1, RA2 and RA3, whereas the seven
     segments are driven through PORTD pins
MikroC PRO
ENG.F.ABDELAZIZ
http://www.eeecb.com/vb/index.php
*/

unsigned short i, DD0, DD1, DD2, DD3; 
unsigned int Count;

//------ Function to Return mask for common anode 7-seg. display
unsigned short mask(unsigned short num) {
 switch (num) {
 case 0 : return 0xC0;
 case 1 : return 0xF9;
 case 2 : return 0xA4;
 case 3 : return 0xB0;
 case 4 : return 0x99;
 case 5 : return 0x92;
 case 6 : return 0x82;
 case 7 : return 0xF8;
 case 8 : return 0x80;
 case 9 : return 0x90;
 } //case end
}
void main() {
  ADCON1=0X07;        //set A PORT general I/O
  TRISD = 0; // Set PORTB direction to be output
  PORTD = 0xFF;    // Turn OFF LEDs on PORTD
  TRISA = 0; 
  Count   =    0;  // Initial Value of Counter

  do {
  DD0 = Count%10;  // Extract Ones Digit
  DD0 = mask(DD0);
  DD1 = (Count/10)%10; // Extract Tens Digit
  DD1 = mask(DD1);
  DD2 = (Count/100)%10; // Extract Hundreds Digit
  DD2 = mask(DD2);
  DD3 = (Count/1000);  // Extract Thousands Digit
  DD3 = mask(DD3);

  for (i = 0; i<=50; i++) {
      PORTD = DD0; // Data for ones Digit
      RA0_bit = 1;      
      RA1_bit = 1;
      RA2_bit = 1;
      RA3_bit = 0;// Select Ones Digit
      delay_ms(5);
      PORTD = DD1;//Data for Tens Digit
      RA0_bit = 1;
      RA1_bit = 1;     
      RA2_bit = 0;// Select Tens Digit
      RA3_bit = 1;
      delay_ms(5);
      PORTD = DD2;//Data for Hundred Digit
      RA0_bit = 1;
      RA1_bit = 0;// Select Hundreds Digit
      RA2_bit = 1;     
      RA3_bit = 1;
      delay_ms(5);
      PORTD   = DD3;//Data for Thousands Digit
      RA0_bit = 0;// Select Thousands Digit
      RA1_bit = 1;
      RA2_bit = 1;
      RA3_bit = 1;     
      delay_ms(5);
      }

      Count = Count + 1 ;

      if (Count > 9999) Count = 0;

  } while(1);          // endless loop
}

/*
Tutorial 5:
In this project two common anode 7-segment LED displays are connected to
PORTD of a PIC16F877A  microcontroller and the microcontroller is operated
from a 4MHz resonator. 
Digit 1 (left digit) enable pin is connected to port pin RA0
and digit 2 (right digit) enable pin is connected to port pin RA1 of the microcontroller.
The program counts up from 0 to 99 with one second delay between each count.
The display is updated in a timer interrupt service routine at every 5ms by :
Reload TMR0=100 & prescaler ration 1:32>> imer interrupt service routine at
 (255-100) *32us=5ms = scanning time
MikroC PRO
ENG.F.ABDELAZIZ
http://www.eeecb.com/vb/index.php
*/

#define DIGIT1 PORTA.F0 //tens unit
#define DIGIT2 PORTA.F1//ones unit

//Global variable 
unsigned char Cnt = 0;
unsigned char Flag = 0;

//-Function to Return mask for common anode 7-seg. display
unsigned short mask(unsigned short num) {
 switch (num) {
 case 0 : return 0xC0;
 case 1 : return 0xF9;
 case 2 : return 0xA4;
 case 3 : return 0xB0;
 case 4 : return 0x99;
 case 5 : return 0x92;
 case 6 : return 0x82;
 case 7 : return 0xF8;
 case 8 : return 0x80;
 case 9 : return 0x90;
 } //case end
}


// TMR0 timer interrupt service routine. The program jumps to the ISR at every 5ms.
void interrupt ()
{

//Local variable
unsigned char Msd, Lsd; // Msd =tens= DD1 left unit &Lsd=ones=DD2 right unit

TMR0 = 100; // Re-load TMR0>>255-100=155usx32(prescaler)=5ms 

INTCON = 0x20; // >>>>Set T0IE and clear T0IF<<<<

Flag = ~ Flag; // Toggle Flag as switch 

if(Flag == 0) // Do digit 1
{
DIGIT2 = 1;// Disable digit 2
Msd = Cnt / 10; // MSD digit >>tens
PORTD = mask(Msd); // Send to PORTD
DIGIT1 = 0; // Enable digit 1>>RA0
}

else
{ // Do digit 2
DIGIT1 = 1; // Disable digit 1
Lsd = Cnt % 10; // LSD digit >> ones
PORTD = mask(Lsd); // Send to PORTD
DIGIT2 = 0; // Enable digit 2 >>RA1
}
}
//
// Start of MAIN Program. configure PORTA and PORTD as outputs.
// In addition, configure TMR0 to interrupt at every 10ms
//
void main()
{
ADCON1=0X07;                               //set A PORT general I/O
TRISD= 0; // PORTD are outputs
TRISA = 0; // RA0, RA1 are outputs
DIGIT1 = 1; // Disable digit 1
DIGIT2 = 1; // Disable digit 2

// Configure TMR0 timer interrupt

OPTION_REG = 0xC4; // Prescaler = 32
TMR0 = 100; // Load TMR0L with 100
INTCON = 0xA0; // Enable TMR0 interrupt
Delay_ms(1000);

for(;;) // Endless loop
{
Cnt++; // Increment Cnt
if(Cnt == 100) Cnt = 0; // Count between 0 and 99
Delay_ms(1000); // Wait 1 second
}
}

/*
Tutorial 6 :
experiment purpose: familiar how to judge key pressed
when no key pressed LED display FF
have a key pressed LED display the number of the pressing key
Keys: S1*RA0,S2*RA1,S3*RA2,S4*RA3& S5*RB0,S6*RB1,S7*RB2,S8*RB3
Commmon anode : RA4 
MCU : PIC16F877A 
MikroC PRO
ENG.F.ABDELAZIZ
http://www.eeecb.com/vb/index.php
*/

 int  result;
 void  init();               //I/O PORT initialize function declare
 void  scan();               //key scan function declare
 void  display(int x);       //display function declare
//------------------------------------------------
//main program
void main()
 {
    while(1)                 //dead circle
      {
        init();              //call initialize function
        scan();              //call key scan function
        display(result);     //call display result function
      }
 }

//------------------------------------------------
//initialize program
void  init()
 {
  ADCON1=0X07;             //set A PORT general I/O PORT
  TRISA =0X0F;             //A PORT high 2 bits OUTPUT,low 4 bits INPUT
  TRISB=0X0F;              //B PORT low 4 bits INPUT
  TRISD=0X00;              //D PORT OUTPUT
  PORTA=0XFF;
  PORTB=0XFF;
  PORTD=0XFF;              //close all display
 }
//------------------------------------------------
//Scan
void  scan()
 {
   result=8;                              //initialize key scan result , default switch-case

   if(PORTA.B0==0)                           // judge if A0 press
      result=0;               //yes: the scan result is 0


   if(PORTA.B1==0)               // judge if A1 press
      result=1;           //yes:the scan result is 1

   if(PORTA.B2==0)                // judge if A2 press
      result=2;

   if(PORTA.B3==0)               // judge if A3 press
      result=3;

   if(PORTB.B0==0)              //judge if B0 press
      result=4;

   if(PORTB.B1==0)              //judge if B1 press
      result=5;

   if(PORTB.B2==0)              //judge if B2 press
      result=6;

   if(PORTB.B3==0)              //judge if B3 press
      result=7;
  }

//display result program
void  display(int x)
 {
   switch(x)                //different x,different deal
     {
      case 0:
         PORTD=0X88; // =Display A letter on :
         PORTA=0X2F;//left unit ON > RA4=0 
         Delay_ms(1);

         PORTD=0XC0; // Display 0 number on : 
         PORTA=0X1F; // right unit ON>RA5=0 
         Delay_ms(1);
          break;  //A0
      case 1:
         PORTD=0X88;PORTA=0X2F;Delay_ms(1);PORTD=0XF9;PORTA=0X1F;Delay_ms(1);break;  //A1
      case 2:
         PORTD=0X88;PORTA=0X2F;Delay_ms(1);PORTD=0XA4;PORTA=0X1F;Delay_ms(1);break;  //A2
      case 3:
         PORTD=0X88;PORTA=0X2F;Delay_ms(1);PORTD=0XB0;PORTA=0X1F;Delay_ms(1);break;  //A3
      case 4:
         PORTD=0X83;PORTA=0X2F;Delay_ms(1);PORTD=0XC0;PORTA=0X1F;Delay_ms(1);break;  //b0
      case 5:
         PORTD=0X83;PORTA=0X2F;Delay_ms(1);PORTD=0XF9;PORTA=0X1F;Delay_ms(1);break;  //b1
      case 6:
         PORTD=0X83;PORTA=0X2F;Delay_ms(1);PORTD=0XA4;PORTA=0X1F;Delay_ms(1);break;  //b2
      case 7:
         PORTD=0X83;PORTA=0X2F;Delay_ms(1);PORTD=0XB0;PORTA=0X1F;Delay_ms(1);break;  //b3
      case 8:
         PORTD=0X8E;PORTA=0X2F;Delay_ms(1);PORTD=0X8E;PORTA=0X1F;Delay_ms(1);break;  //no key press
      }
}