int latchPin = 13;   // connect to LCK pin
int clockPin = 12;   // connect to CLK pin
int dataPin = 11;    // connect to SDI pin

 void displayNumber(value, true/false);

displayNumber(123, true);

displayNumber(500, false);

allOff();

 digitalWrite(latchPin, LOW);
 shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, LSBFIRST, LED_SEG_TAB[5]);
 shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, LSBFIRST, LED_SEG_TAB[6]);
 shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, LSBFIRST, LED_SEG_TAB[7]+1); // added one for decimal point
 shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, LSBFIRST, LED_SEG_TAB[8]);
 digitalWrite(latchPin, HIGH);

   digitalWrite(latchPin, LOW);
  shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, LSBFIRST, 0b10000000); // digit 4
  shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, LSBFIRST, 0b01000000); // digit 3
  shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, LSBFIRST, 0b00100000); // digit 2
  shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, LSBFIRST, 0b00010001); // digit 1
  digitalWrite(latchPin, HIGH);

 % Duty cycle = (TON/(TON + TOFF)) *100
Where, TON = HIGH time of the square wave
             TOFF = LOW time of square wave

 Turn ON time/ (Turn ON time + Turn OFF time)

int pwmPin = 12; // assigns pin 12 to variable pwm
int pot = A0; // assigns analog input A0 to variable pot
int c1 = 0;   // declares variable c1
int c2 = 0;   // declares variable c2

void setup()  // setup loop
{
  pinMode(pwmPin, OUTPUT); 
  pinMode(pot, INPUT);  
}
void loop()
{
  c2= analogRead(pot); 
  c1= 1024-c2;         // subtracts c2 from 1000 ans saves the result in c1
  digitalWrite(pwmPin, HIGH); //ON
  delayMicroseconds(c1);//ON Time   
  digitalWrite(pwmPin, LOW); //OFF 
  delayMicroseconds(c2);  //OFF Time
}

 int pwmPin = 12;
int pot = A0;
int c1 = 0;  
int c2 = 0;

void setup()  {
  pinMode(pwmPin, OUTPUT); // declares pin 12 as output
  pinMode(pot, INPUT);  // declares pin A0 as input
}

void loop()
{
  c2= analogRead(pot);
  c1= 1024-c2;           
  digitalWrite(pwmPin, HIGH); // sets pin 12 HIGH
  delayMicroseconds(c1);   // waits for c1 uS (high time)
  digitalWrite(pwmPin, LOW);  // sets pin 12 LOW
  delayMicroseconds(c2);   // waits for c2 uS (low time)
}

int i=0;//initializing a integer for incrementing and decrementing duty ratio.
void setup()
{
                pinMode(3, OUTPUT);   // sets the pin3 as output
                pinMode(0, INPUT);// sets the pin0 as output
                pinMode(1, INPUT);// sets the pin1 as output
}
 
void loop()
{
                analogWrite(3, i);  // analogWrite values from 0 to 255
                if (digitalRead(0)==LOW)
                {
                                if (i<255)
                                {
                                                i++;//if pin0 is pressed and the duty ratio value is less than 255
                                                delay(30);
                                }
                }
                if (digitalRead(1)==LOW)
                {
                                if (i>0)
                                {
                                                i--;// if pin1 is pressed and the duty ratio value is greater than 0
                                                delay(30);
                                }
                }
}

const int pwm = 3 ;	//initializing pin 3 as pwm
const int in_1 = 8 ;
const int in_2 = 9 ;

//For providing logic to L298 IC to choose the direction of the DC motor 

void setup()
{
pinMode(pwm,OUTPUT) ;  	//we have to set PWM pin as output
pinMode(in_1,OUTPUT) ; 	//Logic pins are also set as output
pinMode(in_2,OUTPUT) ;
}

void loop()
{
//For Clock wise motion , in_1 = High , in_2 = Low

digitalWrite(in_1,HIGH) ;
digitalWrite(in_2,LOW) ;
analogWrite(pwm,255) ;

/*setting pwm of the motor to 255
we can change the speed of rotaion
by chaning pwm input but we are only
using arduino so we are using higest
value to driver the motor  */

//Clockwise for 3 secs
delay(3000) ; 		

//For brake
digitalWrite(in_1,HIGH) ;
digitalWrite(in_2,HIGH) ;
delay(1000) ;

//For Anti Clock-wise motion - IN_1 = LOW , IN_2 = HIGH
digitalWrite(in_1,LOW) ;
digitalWrite(in_2,HIGH) ;
delay(3000) ;

//For brake
digitalWrite(in_1,HIGH) ;
digitalWrite(in_2,HIGH) ;
delay(1000) ;
 }

 #include <Servo.h>

Servo servo;

attach()
write()
writeMicroseconds()
read()
attached()
detach()

servo.attach(pin)
servo.attach(pin, min, max)

servo.write(angle)

#include <Servo.h> 
Servo myservo;

void setup() 
{ 
  myservo.attach(9);
  myservo.write(90);  // set servo to mid-point
} 

void loop() {}

servo.writeMicroseconds(uS)

 #include <Servo.h> 
Servo myservo;

void setup() 
{ 
  myservo.attach(9);
  myservo.writeMicroseconds(1500);  // set servo to mid-point
} 

void loop() {}

servo.read()

servo.attached()

servo.detach()

#include <Servo.h>
Servo myservo; // create servo object to control a servo
int angle = 0; // variable to store the servo position
void setup()
{
myservo.attach(9); // attaches the servo on pin 10 to the servo object
}
void loop()
{
for(angle = 0; angle < 180; angle += 1) // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees
{ // in steps of 1 degree
myservo.write(angle); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'angle'
delay(20); // waits 20ms between servo commands
}

for(angle = 180; angle >= 1; angle -= 1) // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees
{
myservo.write(angle); // tell servo to go to position in variable ' angle '
delay(20); // waits 20ms between servo commands
}
}

myservo.attach(9,1000,2000 ); // use pin 9, set min to 1000us, max to 2000us

#include <Servo.h>
Servo myservo; // create servo object to control a servo
int potpin = 0; // analog pin used to connect the potentiometer
int val; // variable to read the value from the analog pin
void setup()
{
myservo.attach(9); // attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object
}
void loop()
{
val = analogRead(potpin); // reads the value of the potentiometer
val = map(val, 0, 1023, 0, 179); // scale it to use it with the servo
myservo.write(val); // sets position to the scaled value
delay(15); // waits for the servo to get there
}

#include <Servo.h>
Servo servo;
servo.attach(servo_signal_pin_attached_to);
servo.write(needed_position_ angle);

 
int i=0;//initializing a integer for incrementing and decrementing duty ratio.
#include <Servo.h>// header file for controlling servo
Servo servo;//defining the name usage as servo itself

void setup()
{
 pinMode(3, OUTPUT);   // sets the pin3 as output
 pinMode(0, INPUT);// sets the pin0 as input
 pinMode(1, INPUT);// sets the pin1 as input

servo.attach(3);
}
 
void loop()
{
 servo.write(i);//set servo potion ‘i’ degrees
               
 if (digitalRead(0)==LOW)
  {
      if (i<180)
        {
          i++;//if pin0 is pressed and degrees is less than 180
          delay(30);
         }
    }
 if (digitalRead(1)==LOW)
   {
     if (i>0)
      {
        i--;// if pin1 is pressed and degrees is greater than 0
        delay(30);
       }
    }
}